Loss of Innocence - 757 Words

It has been said that innocence can be defined as the state or quality of being morally free from guilt or sin, through lack of knowledge of evil. I will examine pieces of literature that convey the loss of innocence to either a particular person, or a group of people. The first piece of writing I have chosen is, The Lord of the Flies by William Golding. In the middle of a war, a plane carrying a group of schoolboys crashed onto an island. The pilot had been killed, so that left the boys to fend for themselves. The boys were brought up properly, so naturally, they were very well behaved and orderly at the beginning of the novel. Most of all, they longed to be rescued. As time goes on, hunting becomes a priority for some of the boys, and†¦show more content†¦Regardless of how evil is obtained or innocence is lost, the outcome is the same. Once the knowledge of evil is acquired, there is no way of returning to the initial state of innocence. Ernest Hemmingway once wrote: â€Å"All things truly wicked start from innocence.† Loss of Innocence Grade 11 English Culminating Prepared for: Mr. Cody Prepared by: Jessica Gillis Date: June 8th,Show MoreRelatedLoss of Innocence1478 Words   |  6 PagesInnocence is usually associated with youth and ignorance. The loss of ones innocence is associated with the evils of the world. However, the term innocence can be interpreted in a variety of ways. Similarly, the loss of ones innocence can be interpreted in more than one way, and, depending on the interpretation, it may happen numerous times. The loss of innocence is culture specific and involves something that society holds sacrosanct. It is also bounded by different religious beliefs. Read MoreLoss of Innocence1554 Words   |  7 PagesMany people experience the loss of innocence every day because it’s just a natural thing. One way that people loss their innocence is through the violence of war. Most people in a war will come unto the fact that it’s a kill or be killed kind of thing. Everyone would naturally choose to kill another man and that’s how many people in a war end up losin g their innocence. Another way that people lose their innocence is when they witness the death of someone else. In the book â€Å"Fallen Angels,† LieutenantRead MoreLoss of Innocence550 Words   |  2 PagesInnocence is used to show how a person can show self-control and restriction. However, when it comes to loss of innocence, the body gives in to anything, temptation, sin, and many others. In the poem, â€Å"Loss of Innocence† (Stewart), innocence becomes useless as other problems take over, in place of innocence. It is almost as if â€Å"Innocence swept away† (Stewart) and as a replacement, â€Å"Sinful satisfaction sweeps over†(Stewart). The loss of innocence requires time, like in the book Tuesdays with MorrieRead MoreRacism And Loss Of Innocence1428 Words   |  6 PagesLee presents to society touches many universal themes of society mechanics from the past and still connects to the present. Throughout the novel there are various forms of prejudic e that evoke in the presence of social inequality, racism and loss of innocence. In any form of environment, social inequality and status always comes through as human nature. Throughout the novel, Scout’s prejudice against Walter Cunningham changes. In the beginning she judges and disrespects Walter, by the way he eatsRead MoreLoss of Innocence in Frankenstein1168 Words   |  5 PagesLoss of Innocence in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Innocence, throughout time it is lost, varying from who and how much. Throughout the novel Frankenstein there is a central theme of loss of innocence, cleverly instilled by the author, Mary Shelley. This theme is evident in Frankensteins monster, Victor Frankenstein himself, and three other minor characters that lose their innocence consequently from the two major characters loss. Frankensteins monster is destined to lose all innocence asRead MoreEssay on Loss of Innocence 1352 Words   |  6 PagesKnowles carries the theme of the inevitable loss of innocence throughout the entire novel. Several characters in the novel sustain both positive and negative changes, resulting from the change of the peaceful summer sessions at Devon to the reality of World War II. While some characters embrace their development through their loss of innocence, others are at war with themselves trying to preserve that innocence. Knowles foreshadows the boys’ loss of innocence through the war, and their constant jumpsRead MoreA Loss of Innocence Essay1010 Words   |  5 Pagesbelieving that money and luck indicate one’s level of happiness. William Golding’s novel tries to show that all children are evil and have savage impulses. A common theme in both of these works is that children create their own downfall and loss of innocence. In D.H. Lawrence’s The Rocking Horse Winner, Paul is searching for an identity and love. Paul’s mother was incapable of love; â€Å"when her children were present, she always felt the centre of her heart go hard.† Paul’s mother desires materialisticRead MoreThe Loss Of Innocence As A Child1951 Words   |  8 Pages2013 Saving Innocence Mornings filled with coloring, recess, and naps; afternoons spent with mom playing superheroes and baking cookies; evenings spent with dad telling him about the cool new friend you met playing Red Rover at school.The life of a child is relatively simple and pain-at least in the sense we often relate it to as adults-is often non-existent and if present usually doesn’t go past not getting to be the line leader at school. So what exactly leads to the loss of innocence as a childRead MoreThe Loss Of Innocence And Self Essay2093 Words   |  9 PagesDoes such a thing as â€Å"growing up,† really happen, does the idea of the loss of innocence and self -discovery exist outside literature I used to think Yes, then No. Now I think it’s a little bit of both. I think that the past events that happened to me these last 5 years are the reason why. Esta à © a histà ³ria da vida. Minha vida que meio acontece. A vida acontece. My name is Carla-Cristina and I am 18 years old and I had never seen a monkey nor the ocean til I was the was 12, even though I grewRead MoreLoss Of Innocence In Catcher In The Rye1429 Words   |  6 PagesJustin Hwang Ms. Lydia Wells English 9 10/24/17 Loneliness and Phoniness: Loss of Innocence in Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye Loss of innocence is one of the major elements of The Catcher in the Rye that make the novel so renowned. The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger is about an adolescent named Holden who wanders around New York City after being kicked out of a prestigious boarding school in eastern Pennsylvania. While learning more about himself and the adult world, he experiences alcohol,

Persuasive Essay On Smoking - 1236 Words

For some people, their favorite guilty pleasure could lead to a very premature death. Throughout history, smoking cigarettes has led to higher risks of developing different kinds of cancers and other health problems. Most people who are smokers are unaware of how serious their addiction actually is. Not only are they deteriorating their bodies, they are harming others in the process. Even if people are not concerned about their own health, they should at least be thoughtful be considerate enough to be mindful of people around them, particularly their own family. Smoking cigarettes is not only a costly habit for your health, it also affects your bank account. Besides the effects that second hand smoke has to on a person’s health,†¦show more content†¦It is true that each person is entitled to their own opinion when it comes to deciding to quit smoking, but the facts and statistics that go along with smoking cannot continue to be ignored. Within the past decade, the leading avoidable cause of cancer in the United States is smoking cigarettes. There have been over fourteen different types of cancer that are linked to the thousands of dangerous chemicals found in tobacco smoke. Smokers are most susceptible to lung cancer, but sinus and nasal cavities, stomach, liver, and kidney cancers are also effects of smoking cigarettes. People who smoke cigarettes are twenty times more likely to develop lung cancer than non-smokers. Does rat poison, toilet cleaner, and chemicals used to preserve dead animals sound like something you want in your body? No? Well, that exactly what you are doing when you smoke a cigarette. Apart from lung diseases, tobacco also causes countless heart problems when inhaled. When inhaled, the chemicals in tobacco harm your blood cells and damage the function of your heart. If you smoke, you increases your chances of developing atherosclerosis, a disease where plaque builds up. Over time the plaque builds up and narro ws your arteries, which limits the flow of oxygen-rich blood to all parts of your body. The leading cause of COPD, a chronic lung disease, which leads to shortness of breath, wheezing and chest pain is, youShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay Smoking885 Words   |  4 Pagessuch as smoking. People smoke for numerous reasons. These reasons include: socializing, coping with emotions, parental influences, advertising, and for the thrill of risk taking behaviors. In consequence, many people are unaware of the negative aspects to smoking. Smoking not only affects the individual but has negative impacts on others that are around the smoker and the environment as well. In result of these harmful aspects of smoking, smoking should be banned in public places. Smoking shouldRead MorePersuasive Essay Smoking911 Words   |  4 Pages Do you know anyone that has/does suffer from a smoking related issue, that has never even touched a cigarette in their life? The problems that develop from smoking a cigarette are widely known and many people think it is harmful to smoke, but people never think about the harmful effects from inhaling second-hand smoke. Many smokers smoke in public areas every day. Not only are they inhaling all of the deadly chemicals, but so is everyone else around them. Being around a smoker too often and inhalingRead MorePersuasive Essay On Smoking929 Words   |  4 Pages Have you ever wondered why people continue to smoke cigarettes although they are aware that it is harmful for them and the people around them? For some, smoking cigarettes is a solution to relieving stress. According to K.H Ginzel, a professor of pharmacology and toxicology, cigarettes contain over 4,000 different chemicals and one of these chemicals is nicotine. His work at the University of Arkansas is on the area of nicoti ne and its effects. Ginzel, M.D states â€Å"Nicotine is a highly addictiveRead MorePersuasive Essay Smoking896 Words   |  4 Pagesoften seen as a safe or safer route to smoking. It is also relatively new to the market, only hitting the mainstream over the past decade. Due to the fact that it hasn’t been a part of the public consciousness for as long as cigarette smoking, there is a lot of people that still do not fully understand about it. Smoking is an evil habit that millions of people around the world have adapted. However, luckily vaporizers have become a huge trend in the smoking world. â€Å"About 3.7% of adults currentlyRead MorePersuasive Essay On Smoking707 Words   |  3 PagesThe sound of a cough rings throughout the park. The foul stench of thousands of chemicals wafts through the air. Peering around, the culprit is spotted; a man smoking on a nearby bench. Smoking has long since been regarded as one of the number one avoidable causes of death (Pietrangelo Cherney, 2017). Tobacco is one of the most widely-used recreational drugs in the world and although most countries put age restrictions on its use, over a billion adults smoke tobacco legally every day. As wellRead MoreSmoking Persuasive Essay778 Words   |  4 Pagesworldwide start smoking every day, and almost half of those children live in Asia. Its estimated that nearly 4.5 million United States youth are smokers, and if this current pattern persists, about 6.4 tobacco-using children will die prematurely from a smoking-related disease. From those 80,000 to 100,000 children about 50% of them will continue smoking for another decade or two. These kids help make up the 90% of smokers that started before age 21. The youth that has and will start smoking will haveRead MorePersuasive Essay on Smoking883 Words   |  4 Pages      The Adversities of Smoking. Smoking and even second hand smoking can lead to fatal diseases such as, lung cancer, cancer of the larynx, esophagus, and bladder diseases. http://www1.umn.edu/perio ltobacco/secondhandsmoke.html / smoking is hazardous enough to an individual’s health and it’s even more disturbing when people are exposed to dangers caused by smoking. The tobacco company however, had thought false labeling would help the situation when all it has done is worsen the case. The tobaccoRead MoreSmoking Persuasive Essay757 Words   |  4 PagesSmoking is a plague to a plethora of individuals. Despite the numerous anti-smoking campaigns held all over the country, we have seen the number of smokers decline in a prolong rate. Even though, millions of ex-smokers surrendered to the temptation and continued with their atrocious habit—feeling depressed since theyre not mentally stable. Naturally, the query ascends: how plausible is it to quit with a horrible addiction like smoking? The sim ple answer to this question is â€Å"Yes† only if the personRead MorePersuasive Essay On Smoking853 Words   |  4 Pages Cigarette smoking has become the number one cause of preventable diseases and deaths in the United States. While many are aware of that fact, more than 45 million Americans still participate in the activity of smoking. Approximately 480,000 deaths occur annually as an aftermath from smoking—meaning 1 in every 5 deaths (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Furthermore, a heavy smoker, smoking an average of 20 cigarettes to a pack each day, dies 13 to 14 years earlier. Smoking is an all-in-oneRead MorePersuasive Essay On Smoking713 Words   |  3 PagesDuring the past few decades it has come to light that smoking kills. The federal government mandates that every pack of cigarettes carry a warning on it that smoking can lead to health problems including death. But the messages are rather clinical, for example: â€Å"Smoking Causes Lung Cance r, Heart Disease, Emphysema, and May Complicate Pregnancy.† Smoking is a danger to one’s own health but there is now evidence that smoking can affect others as well. Second hand smoke has been shown to cause cancer

Child Abuse, Cause And Effect On The Rest Of Their Lives

H EDU 3150, Brittany Tacy Child Abuse, Cause and Effect on The Rest of Their Lives By Jeffery Jay Romero, December 8th, 2015 Introduction: There’s a sad truth about this life in which people will not always treat each other with the respect and courtesy that we expect to see in the civilized world. It could just be stress that causes someone to lash out and harm another individual, or any number of factors leading up to said event. It becomes even sadder when the victim involved is a child and the perpetrator is the parent, whom the child relies on for care. But, what causes such an event to occur? Is it just a stressful kneejerk reaction, or something that can be predicted? Is it because the parent underwent the same abuse when they were a child, or were they rose in a dysfunctional family and this behavior was treated as the norm? The goal of this paper is to review a few research articles and determine three key points. In what way are the perpetrators most/least likely to be caught? Are those that have been abused more likely to abuse their own children? And lastly, in what other ways does undergoing abuse as a child affect their life as an adult? Review of Evidence: The first article I looked into interested me in that they did not ask the victims on their accounts of being abused, but perpetrators who were currently imprisoned for their acts. On account of the first point, Leclerc Wortley (2015) â€Å"When the victim is of younger age, they are not veryShow MoreRelatedThe Seriousness of Emotional Deprivation1225 Words   |  5 Pagescan go on to lead normal lives. If, however, the starvation is severe enough, the damage will be permanent and they will suffer physical impairments for the rest of their lives. Likewise, children who are deprived of emotional nurturing require care and love if their sense of security and self-confidence is to be restored. However, if love is minimal and abuse high, the damage will be permanent and the children will suffer emotional impairments for the rest of their lives,† said by Mark Z. DanielewskiRead MoreThe Psychological Damage Of The Foster Care System938 Words   |  4 PagesFo ster Club, a child is entered into the foster care system every two minutes. The reasoning for a child being placed in foster care can range, but mostly it is because of abuse. These traumatizing experiences and memories can hinder a person for the rest of their life. These kids find themselves in a terrible situation and learn ways to cope with the pain. It can be easy to judge their behaviors but for somebody with a normal life we can never understand the trials that they have had to live through.Read MoreThe Effects of Alcohol Abuse1472 Words   |  6 PagesIn the world we live in today, people have quite easy access to things that can corrupt them. These things cloud one’s judgment and coerce people into doing things they should not. Alcohol is one of those things. Alcohol is extremely easy to get ahold of. It can be attained from anywhere; there are bars and liquor stores on every corner. One can get alcohol in grocery stores, gas stations, people can even brew it thems elves if they know how. Alcohol that is commonly abused comes in a large varietyRead MoreEssay about Why Do Juveniles Do Bad Things?842 Words   |  4 Pagesrole in this is the major affect that family context has on the role of child development. More specifically, the idea of child abuse comes into play that has always been researched and focused on as a major part as to why some juveniles become involved in delinquent acts. Child abuse involves important family characteristics that affect the growth of a child and will ultimately damage them both physically and mentally. If a child is damaged at a young age, then they way they think and perceive theRead MoreThe Causes And Effects Of Child Abuse1044 Words   |  5 Pages The Causes and Effects of Child Abuse Child abuse is when a parent or caregiver, whether through action or failing to act, causes injury, emotional harm, and risk of serious harm or even death to child. There are four main categories of child abuse: physical, sexual, and emotional and neglect. Each type of abuse has many different signs to show a child is danger. There are many reports of child abuse reported a year in the US. If anyone suspects any sign of child abuse authorities should be notifiedRead MoreEssay on Child Abuse and Neglect1519 Words   |  7 Pages Many children in the US have to endure child abuse. Most people do not understand the consequences the abused children have to live with for the rest of their lives. Because child abuse is a long-term problem, it impacts not only the child and family, but also the society as a whole. Children who are abused usually end up with self-esteem problems and lose their self-confidence. Therefore, they end up getting addicted to drugs or alcohol, which can create problems for their whole communityRead MoreThe Trauma of Childhood Sexual Abuse Essay1694 Words   |  7 PagesAn estimated 39 million survivors of childhood sexual abuse exist in America today (Darness2Light, 2009a ). This figure continues to grow daily as perpetrators of this crime continue in this destructive path. The definition of child sexual abuse is the force, coercion, or cajoling of children into sexual activities by a dominant adult or adolescent. Sexual abuse of children includes touching (physical) sexually including: fondling; penetration (vaginal or anal using fingers, foreign objects orRead MoreChild Abuse Essay1749 Words   |  7 PagesLauren Arnold 3rd hour Mrs. Williams Effects of Abuse on Babies, Infants, and Toddlers Later in Life The causes of child abuse on infants, babies, and toddlers are catastrophic. There are several people who get abused from infancy to adultance. Each person who gets abused and survives the trauma is left with devastating memories. Many abused children come from homes that are disturbed, chaotic, and violent. (Markham). A child who has been abused is more likely to grow up into an angry teenagerRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women1652 Words   |  7 Pagesin all regions of the world regardless of race, culture, or religion. It is not uncommon for men to experience spousal abuse. However, in reality abuse done by men towards women is a much more common occurrence. Men often abuse women as a result of negative domestic relationships experienced during childhood, the feeling of inadequacy and mental illness. However, the leading cause for this behaviour is the feeling of inferiority and the need to exert power. Stereotypically, the man in a relationshipRead MoreChild Abu se And Neglect Is The Act Of Maltreating A Child Essay1708 Words   |  7 Pages child Abuse and Neglect In America Child Abuse is the act of maltreating a child. Abusing of a child can be by the parents, guardians or caregiver. More than five children die every day as a result of child abuse and neglect. Eighty percent of these children are under the age of four. We have close to sixteen million children in America and every child deserved a short at the American dream. When every child gets a fair chance at success, American

Liberal Arts and Students Essay Example For Students

Liberal Arts and Students Essay Graduate students also need to construct their arguments in response to what others are saying, and my work benefited from using the they say / I say approach. At the University of Cincinnati, I continued to use the book in my teaching, and was honored when Russell Durst asked me to serve as a research assistant for the second edition and o author this instructors manual. I believe wholeheartedly that academic writing at any level requires a knowledge Of What they say and how it impacts What I say, and that when students understand this, they will find writing arguments more manageable. This manual includes brief summaries Of the rhetoric chapters (1-13), as well as additional activities to supplement the exercises included in the book itself. These activities include both written and spoken exercises, based on my belief that preprinting can include speaking. In all of the activities, students get to practice the skills taught in the book. In addition, this manual has short summaries of each of the essays in Chapters 14?18, as well as teaching notes, lists of related essays, and answers to the Joining the 5 Conversation questions. Also included are two sample syllabi so that instructors can see various ways of putting the books approach into practice. Finally, you will find three drafts of one of the student papers thats included in the book itself, Sara Markets Move Over Boys, Make Room in the Crease (up. 537-544), along with brief commentary on the drafts to help you discuss revision with your dents and see how the principles of the book help students as they write am grateful to Gerald Graff, Cathy Bernstein, and Russell Durst for the opportunity to work on this manual. Great thanks also go to Marilyn Miller and Betsey Manually at Norton. Thank you to Mark Gallagher for composing answers to the Joining the Conversation questions for the first edition of this book, and many thanks to Brandon King, Mary Misfield, and Sara Marietta for their hard work on their essays in the book. Thanks especially to Sara Marietta for being Willing to share her drafts in this instructors manual. Thanks also to all the great teachers eave had as colleagues at George Mason University, Fontanne University, and the university of Cincinnati. Your own teaching practices continually inspire me. Thanks to friends and family, and to my wonderful husband, who was a great source of support while worked on this project in the final days of our engagement and the first days of our marriage. And, finally, thanks to the late Rose Shapiro, for introducing me to this book and for being a passionate teacher. We miss you. Chapter 1 THEY SAY: Starting with What Others Are Saying Chapter 1 begins with an implied they say: that a claim can stand on its own, The authors counter hat good academic writing responds to what others are saying. This chapter provides methods for addressing what they say, including templates for introducing standard views, something the writer him / herself once believed, things implied or assumed, and ongoing debates While Chapter 2 the second chapter focuses on longer summaries, this chapter establishes what writers need to do early in a paper, such as present the they say and I say as a single, concise unit. Additional Activities Identifying What They SAA/ Have students read one (or more) of the following: the first four paragraphs of Liz Additions Two Years are Better than Foul ; the first three paragraphs Of Raddled Balbos What You Eat Is Your Business ; the first two paragraphs objection Hoofers In Defense Of Cheering ; or the first paragraph Of Brandon Kings The American Dream: Dead, Alive, or on Hold? [p. 5721. Ask them to annotate the paragraphs, noting where the they say argument is included. Talk as a class about the tone of the essays as they safe statements are addressed. As well as about the placement of the statements within the paragraphs. Sustaining What ahoy Say Have students pick a template in the chapter (or assign a specific one), and ask them to complete it as a sentence about a topic of their choice. Then have students use the sentence to start a quick five-minute ferrite about their topic, trying to include both a they say and an l say. Once theyre finished, ask a few students to share what they wrote. Ask them how much time they spent detailing the they say part of the argument before moving on to the l say. Ask them what they find most challenging when writing about what they say, (This assignment works best as an end to Chapter 1 and transition to Chapter 2. ) Chapter 2 YEAR POINT IS: The Art of Summarizing Chapter 2 teaches students how to write an extended version of what they say. The authors explain what a summary is, and some students may need help understanding the difference between summary and paraphrase. The chapter gives students strategies for writing summaries?playing the believing game, keeping your own argument in mind as you choose What points to focus on, writing a satiric summary? as well as warnings about common tendencies Of those inexperienced at writing summaries, such as the closest lice © syndrome and the list summary. For students struggling with the closest click © syndrome, you might suggest taking a look at Chapter 12 (on Reading for the Conversation). At the end of the chapter the authors include a helpful list of signal verbs that students can turn to fifthly find themselves using the same verbs over and over again, Additional Activities List Summary Writing and Revision Have students read the description of list summaries on pages AS- 36, Then have them write a list summary of David Cozinesss Dont Blame the Eater ; Dennis Barons Reforming Egypt in 140 329]; or another essay youve discussed as a class. Have one or two students read their summaries out loud, and discuss as a class the flaws this surly. Then have students cut up the summaries into separate sentence and reorganize them, or ask them to edit the transitions between sentences to show more explicitly than and or then how the ideas relate. Study the revised summaries to see how they avoid being list-y. (May take at least two class periods. ) Summary Writing and Review Either during class or on their own, have students write a short summary (no more than a paragraph or one double-spaced, typed page) of Dennis Barons Reforming Egypt in 140 Characters? or another essay youve discussed as a class. Let them know if you vent them to write a summary that could function as a they safe to an argument they themselves might make. Then have students read and respond to one another summaries in small groups. If youd like, you too can read them and give feedback after class. Another alternative would be to have students revise the summaries after the peer review. Chapter 3 AS HE HIMSELF PUTS IT: The Art of Quoting This chapter introduces the strategy of quoting what others say. The authors ran students that quoting too little or too much can hurt an argument, and that its important to frame any quotations. The chapter offers a few tips for finding relevant quotes and gives a helpful example off dangling or hit- and-run quotation from a paper about Susan Borders ideas. It also explains a strategy the authors call a quotation sandwich tort introducing and explaining quotations, and an example of how the Bored quote might be better framed. It might help your students to read both bathos examples out loud in class and to discuss the differences, Some students may think that talking too much bout a quotation is overbalances, and the final section in the chapter will help to respond to their concerns. Cigars vs Cigarettes (an observation of recent tob EssayHave students read the text, and ask them how the author represents points Of view and how the authors tone affects their experience eating the text. Chapter 7 SO WHAT? WHO CARES? : saying Why It Matters This chapter explains the importance of addressing the so what? and who cares? questions when making an argument and offers specific strategies and templates for doing so. Students papers will become stronger once they begin to address these questions, as doing 50 shows that their arguments are part of a larger conversation and that what they are saying matters. The authors urge students to consider who has a stake in an argument cares? ), as well as what the larger consequences of the argument are (so what? 3. Although who cares? or 50 what? statements work in many different parts of a paper, students who struggle with introductions or conclusions might find it helpful to address these questions there, Options for Exercise I These essays may serve as good examples for evaluating how texts address the so what? and Who cares? questions in their arguments: Liz Additions Two Years Are Better Than Four (p. 1 1]; Will Hayseeds Kentucky Town of Manchester Illustrates National Obesity Crisis ; Jason Sinners The Good, the Bad, and The Daily Show ; and Paul Germans Confronting Inequality . Additional Activities Asking and Answering so What? and Who Cares? When students have a draft of a paper written, ask them to write either their major claim or a sub-claim on a piece Of paper. Then ask them to brainstorm for five minutes about all the groups who have a stake in their argument (who cares? ). Next have them ferrite for another five minutes or more about why those groups care or why the topic matters (so what? ). Have a few students share what theyve written, and add to their vhf cares? and so what? lists as a class. Alternately, you could have students expand their lists in small groups. Finally, you might have them draft a paragraph (perhaps an introduction or conclusion to the draft) incorporating the 50 what? and Who cares? factors. Role-playing the One Who Cares Students should work in small groups (2-4 people). Each student should state a claim, perhaps one for a draft he or she is writing, Each of the other group members should think of a group that has a stake in that argument and why the argument matters to them, stating both in the first person, For example, in reaction to a paper arguing that 14 school lunches should be healthier, one group member might say, Im a detent, and this topic matters to me because I want to eat French fries for lunch, and I dont care if I get tired later in the day. Another might say, Im a nutritionist, and this topic matters to me because I want children in my community to be healthy as they grow up. You can even give students the template, Im and this topic matters to me because Have students continue to give suggestions until no one else can think Of another group With a stake in the issue. Chapter 8 AS A RESULT: connecting the Parts This chapter discusses the connective tissues of writing. The authors emphasize hat creating connections between sentences and ideas both increases sentence variety and helps construct a more convincing argument. They consider transitions both within a paragraph and between paragraphs, and they discuss four ways to connect the parts: using transition terms, adding pointing words, developing key terms, and repeating yourself, with a difference. Additional Activities Between Paragraphs / Within Paragraphs Part 1:Thai activity works best when students have a draft to work with. After discussing ways tot connecting the parts, have them look at their drafts and annotate them, noting what ACH paragraph is saying. Then have them write a sentence that shows the relationship between the ideas in each paragraph. Art 2: Have students choose a key paragraph of the paper they want to improve and note what transitions, pointing words, and key terms theyve used. Then ask them to do a sort of dissection, looking at sets of sentences to note what purpose they serve in the paragraph After they do so, they should revise sentences to include transitions, pointing words, or key terms. Taking the paragraph apart c an help them see the chunks Of meaning in the paragraph and how connecting words can help hose chunks fit together. Connective Tissue The following is a paragraph from Tom Vessels Extra Lives: Why Video Games Matter With all the transitions and other connective tissue removed. Ask students to read it once and evaluate What they think about how its working. Then ask them to add transitions (either individually or in groups) and perhaps share a few examples once theft finished. End by having them read the paragraph as it appears in the book (p. 356, 12) to see how the writer himself uses connective tissue. Had problems with Fallout 3. These problems seem to me emblematic of the intersection at which games in general currently find themselves stalled. Take Fallout gs tutorial. One feels for game designers: It would be hard to imagine a formal convention more inherently bizarre than the video-game tutorial. Every time you open a novel, you are forced to suffer through a chapter in which the characters do nothing but talk to one another about the physical mechanics of how one goes about reading a book. Game designers do not really have a choice. Controller schemas change, sometimes drastically, from game to game. Designers cannot simply banish a garn?s relevant instructions to a directional booklet. That would be a violation of the interactive pact between game and gamer. Many games have to come up with a narrative plausible way in which ones controlled character engages in activity comprehensive enough to be instructive but not so intense as to involve a lot of failure. Games with a strong element of combat open with some sort of indifferently conceived boot-camp exercise or training round. Chapter 9 ANTI SO / IS NOVO. Academic writing Doesnt Always Mean setting Aside Your Own Voice This chapter argues that students can blend formal, academic language with more everyday, colloquial language. The authors caution, however, that students shouldnt fall back on colloquial usage as an excuse for not learning more rigorous forms of expression, but they point out that a mixture of academic and casual language can enliven an essay and help writers underscore points they want to call attention to. They teach one interesting technique: to state something formally and then translate it into everyday language, providing examples from Geneva Smithereens and Gloria Anza(AU. Youll want to remind students to consider genre and audience when thinking about language choices, and as the chapter notes, to remember that lending formal and informal language is appropriate in some fields more than others. Additional Activities Two Student Essays Ask students to read Sara Marinas Move Over Boys, Make Room in the Crease and Liz Additions awe Years Are Better Than Four . As a class, discuss how these two students incorporate their own colloquial voices into their writing. Ask students to find representative samples of language that exemplify the students own styles. This activity might be a good jumping-off-point for Exercise I in the book. Dressing Down the Draft This activity works best later in the writing process. Have students bring in a draft Of a paper, and do the activities in Exercis e I (p. 128) with a chosen paragraph: Dress it down, rewriting it in informal colloquial language.